IUPAC Names
- Find the longest carbon chain containing the carboxy group.- Then, the name is formed by changing the -e of the alkane one to -oic acid.
- The position of the carboxy group is always the first.
- Example : CH(CH3)2COOH = 2-methylpropanoic acid.
Physical properties
Solubility
Carboxylic acids are polar because there are both hydrogen-bond acceptors (the carbonyl) and hydrogen-bond donors (the hydroxyl). So they can do hydrogen bonding to water. However, only small carboxylic acids (1 to 5 carbons) are soluble.
Boiling points
Carboxylic acids have highboiling points because of their two hydrogen bonds per pair of molecules (called dimers.)Acidity
Carboxylic acids are weak acids. Here are some examples :| Carboxylic Acids | pKa |
|---|---|
| Formic acid (HCO2H) | 3.77 |
| Acetic acid (CH3COOH) | 4.76 |
| Chloroacetic acid (CH2ClCO2H) | 2.86 |
| Dichloroacetic acid (CHCl2CO2H) | 1.29 |
| Trichloroacetic acid (CCl3CO2H) | 0.65 |
| Trifluoroacetic acid (CF3CO2H) | 0.5 |
| Oxalic acid (HO2CCO2H) | 1.27 |
| Benzoic acid (C6H5CO2H) | 4.2 |
Reactions
We can do reduction.
And we can also use Carboxylic acid to have other organic function groups.
Reference : BCC M.5 Chemistry Book.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxylic_acid
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