Organic Chemistry : Amine

Amine is a Nitrogen functional group. (Excluding Amide, which we have known as a more specific functional group.) It can be -NH₂ or, possibly, H in -NH2 can also be replaced with other groups such as -NHCH₂CH₃.

Primary amine	Secondary amine	Tertiary amine

  IUPAC Names
- Find the longest carbon chain containing the amine group.
- The position of any group attached to Nitrogen atom is denoted as N. (We need to ignore alphabet arrangement for N position because N position must be arranged at the first if exists.)
- Then, the name is formed by changing the -e of the alkane one to -amine.
- The position of Nitrogen attached to Carbon is indicated by number before -amine.
- Example :  CH₃CH₂CH(NHCH₂CH₃)CH(CH₂CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃ = N,4-diethyl-3-heptanamine.
Fun Facts :  a well-known illegal drug, amphetamine, is actually 1-phenyl-2-propanamine.

 Physical Properties


Boiling Point
With N-C bonding, it has higher boiling point than other unpolar organic substances, but still lower than other O-C-bonding polar ones such as Carboxylic acid or Alcoho.

Solubility
With its polar, it is soluble with water, except only aromatic amine. As usual, the bigger of molecule, the lower solubility.

Base of Amine
 Since Nitrogen has 5 electrons and 3 of them are used for 3 single bonds, there are 2 of them left. Those 2 can be used to donate to Hydrogen ion (Proton.) Thus, Amine is base.


Reaction

1. Amide can be yield by reduction of Nitro.

2. Reaction with Nitrous acid.

- Primary

 

Example :

- Secondary

Example : 

- Tertiary

You will get nothing! (Just a weak base reacting with weak acid.)

 Reference : BCC M.5 Chemistry Book.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amine
http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu
http://www.chemguide.co.uk
http://www.pharmgkb.org